As an historian of women’s lives in World War 1, I was very interested to see a tweet from the Railway Work, Life and Death (RWLD) project that featured the death in 1918 of Cecelia (“Celia”) Clarkson, a woman crane driver who fell to her death while cleaning her crane. What was her story? Did she leave behind a young family? An inquest report said her husband was a soldier. What became of him?
Celia was born Cecelia Mary Jane Wright in 1888 in Southport. At the age of just 14 she was a domestic servant in Formby. She married Richard Clarkson, a gardener, in 1908 and they had three children, Richard born in 1909, Annie in 1911 and Celia in 1914. At some point, Richard joined the army, enlisting as a private in the King’s Liverpool Regiment. With Richard away at the front, Celia joined the ever growing number of women who took over jobs that were vacated by men joining the army. She became a crane driver. Figures estimate that before the war, 13,000 women worked on the railway and these were mainly “domestic” positions such as cleaners. However by the end of the war it had increased to 70,000 with many women carrying out heavy work. Celia was one of these women, but as well as being able to earn extra money for the household, she faced the same perils at work as her male counterparts had.
A female crane driver of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway operating
an overhead crane to manoeuvre a crate at Halliwell near Manchester, 15
May 1917.
Courtesy Imperial War Museum Q109861
As the unions began to take on female members they demanded equal pay to protect the wage rates for servicemen once they returned from the war. The women’s names were written in red ink in the NUR’s register of members to make it easier to identify who would later be struck off once the war had ended and the men returned!
An entry in the RWLD database of some National Union of Railwaymen (now the RMT union) records shows that Celia’s family were represented by the union at an inquest into her death. The inquest recorded a verdict of accidental death and put forward several suggestions to make the work safer.
Courtesy Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick.
There is a report in the Lancashire Evening Post on 10 January 1918 of the inquest into Celia’s death on duty. She was employed as a driver of an overhead electric crane at the Southport Depot of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway. It appeared to one witness that she leaned from the crane and touched a live cable. She then fell 15 feet. She was admitted to hospital where it was found that she had fractured her spine and was paralysed. She remained in hospital for many months but was deemed “incurable” and released home in November. She died on 7 January 1918.
British First World War period lapel badge worn by an employee of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Company.
Courtesy Imperial War Museum INS 4960
After the war, Celia’s husband Richard signed on for further service but he died in February 1919 just a year later in a military hospital from bronchial pneumonia. Two weeks before his death he returned home from France on a month’s leave after signing on again for two years. He had been in the KLR for 3 years, had been wounded and on one occasion gave blood to save an injured comrade. His brother William also served in France, aged 31 (Southport Visitor 22/2/19).
What happened to Celia and Richard’s three children? We know that Celia’s mother, Mary Jane Wright, became their legal guardian, as she is named on Richard’s pension records. Mary died just 10 years after Richard, but at this time the children were perhaps old enough to look after themselves, although, of course, probably bereft at losing their mother, father and grandmother within a relatively short space of time. The only son, Richard, married and had a family. He lived to be 78. Annie died in 1979. Celia married very late in life – in 1970 when she was 56! She died in Essex in 1985 after 15 years of marriage.
My research into the accident of a woman working in a heavy job in WW1 illustrates many aspects of the War. It was a story about hard work by women, the involvement of unions and the input of inquests into safety measures, the death of a soldier, the responsibility of remaining relatives and how, ultimately, the bereaved children were able to carry on with their lives.
https://www.networkrailmediacentre.co.uk/news/women-hailed-in-world-war-i-rail-exhibition
https://seftonwarmemorials.org/southports-fallen/
https://www.cwgc.org/find-records/find-war-dead/casualty-details/3066846/r-clarkson/
https://stpancras.com/history/the-railway-a-woman-s-world
https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30071378
No comments:
Post a Comment