Harriet Maud Goulder The Story of a Nursing Sister in the Great War : Part 3 Life After The War

Harriet served in the TFNS for four and a half years and left in July 1918. She was discharged as medically unfit for duty having contracted malaria in Salonika  in 1916. What happened to her after she left the service?

 

I discovered that Harriet married as soon as she left the service - in July 1918.Maybe she requested that she be discharged  in order for her to marry (she could not have stayed in the TFNS after marriage). She had persisted in working even after several medical boards had confirmed that she was suffering the chronic effects of malaria. Harriet's husband, William Cooper, born in 1880  was a widower with two young children. He was an analytical chemist, working for the Admiralty at HM Portsmouth naval dockyward. 

 

 

A First World War Admiralty "On War Service 1914" badge. This was given to men who were not obviously in active war service, to signify their contribution to the war effort.It is highly likely that William would have been issued with a similar badge.

 

The Chemical Department  and later known as the Central Dockyard Laboratory was the Admiralty department that was responsible for the testing and trials of lubricants, metals and paints for the Royal Navy. It was based at Portsmouth, England from 1870 to 1977.

 

 

Map of the dockyard 1909

 

Having met him while both were working for the war effort, Harriet married in Portsmouth and never returned to her native Sheffield.

 

William married his first wife - Mary Ann Musson- in 1906. According to the 1911 census they were living in Southsea. They had no children at this time. William states he had begun working for the Admiralty. According to the 1921 census, Harriet and William were still living in the Portsmouth area and Harriet had two stepchildren. - a stepson, Philip Musson born 1916 and a step daughter born in 1914. I have been unable to find the date of Mary's death, which must have occurred between 1916 and 1918. Perhaps she died in childbirth. 

 

I lose track of the family for several years after the 1921 census. In 1939 the couple are still living in Southsea - in the same house that they have lived in for many years. By 1943 Harriet's stepson was serving in the Army - in the Royal Engineers. William died in 1950 and Harriet in 1952. They had been married for 32 years.

 

 

  

 

 

 While researching Harriet I discovered that two of her sisters also became nurses. Ada who was born in 1884 was educated at a grammar school and after working as a cashier in a chemist, trained to be a nurse at Staffordshire General Infirmary from 1909-1912 and at an eye hospital in Birmingham until the outbreak of war when Ada joined the Queen Alexandra’s Imperial Military Nursing Service (QAIMNS). She left the service in 1917 citing "serious home trouble". I do not know what this was! However she did carry on nursing after the war. She was a visitor to another sister in 1921 and notes her occupation as a medical and surgical nurse (as did her sister Alice). Both Alice and Ada give their residential address to be the same as Harriet - William was living with three nurses!  Ada married  in 1930 aged 46. 

 

 

Members of the Queen Alexandra's Imperial Military Nursing Service, c1914

I was delighted to be gifted the TFNS medal. Through my research, I have learned so much about the nursing services  in WW1 but have also been able to trace the story through one nurse and her equally dedicated sisters,  all three of whom served both the military and in the community. We know that Ada and Alice both continued nursing after the War. By researching women in WW1 we are putting their stories back where they belong -  into the history of  those who worked and served.

 

I was given the extremely rare TFNS medal by my friend and fellow WW1 historian Laurence John Manton. With his kind permission I have donated it to the Royal College of Nursing museum and archives. I am told that they are so rare they do not own an example of one that is complete with ribbon and bar. I do believe that this medal is now going to be where it deserves to be - in a museum dedicated to the nursing profession that she served so well. 

 

 

 

https://www.nam.ac.uk/explore/queen-alexandras-royal-army-nursing-corps 

https://portsmouthmuseums.co.uk/collections-stories/record/?si_elastic_detail=PORMG%20:%202012/116

ancestry.co.uk

FindMyPast

 

 

 

 

Harriet Maud Goulder The Story of a decorated Nursing Sister in the Great War Part 2 Serving her Country: Duty and Sacrifice

In Part 1 of my three part story of Harriet's life, we saw how she was orphaned at the age of 14, worked as a shop assistant but then trained as a nurse and rose to the position of Sister in various hospitals, enrolling in the Territorial Force Nursing Service on 27th January 1913.  There is a lot of online information of the service, which came into effect following the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act of 1907and  I have added some useful links below.

 

Harriet fulfilled the qualifications to join the TFNS - she had over three years' nursing experience at a recognised hospital and was over the age of 23.She was called up in August 1914.  Part of the contract that she signed confirmed that she would be willing to go overseas if necessary. 

 

Sister Territorial Force Nursing Service WW1

 

Harriet's records are held by the National Archives at Kew, have been digitised and are free to view online (see link below). Harriet's service record consists of 148 pages!! This is an unusally high number of documents. There are dozens of official documents (many somewhat long winded!). Another reason for the large volume is that Harriet attended 5 medical boards - each  produced much documentation.

 

After she had been called up, Harriet nursed at the First Southern General Hospital in Birmingham. She nursed there for nearly two years, before being sent overseas where she arrived in Salonika on 3rd July 1916. 

 

 

  First Southern General Hospital 

 

There is a lot of information about the Salonika campaign online. The campaign along what is now the Greece-Macedonia boarder, known as the Salonika front,was established in 1915 by the allied forces in an attempt to protect Serbia against attacks from the combined Bulgarian, Germans and Austro-Hungarian forces. Serbia however still fell, and once again the opposing forces found themselves dug in facing each other in stalemate. As we have seen, Harriet arrived in July 1916. By October of that year she had contracted malaria. In the second half of 1916, at least 75% of all admissions to the hospitals were for malaria. The evidence suggests that contracting malaria was considered an inevitability. Nurse Eleanor Shortt was interviewed by the Imperial War Museum (IWM) in 1984 and when asked about the dangers of serving in Macedonia she answered, ‘you might get malaria … or sand fly fever or something like that’ in a matter-of-fact way. 

 

sketch of a nurse in Salonika by F. L. Mills 

 

Malaria could potentially hinder a person’s ability to find gainful employment as one could be ill sporadically as the symptoms flared for years after the initial infection. This proved to be the case with the progression of the disease in Harriet and, while disability compensation was awarded in many instances, the medical officers in charge of the Medical Board for the Ministry of Pensions were reluctant to award permanent pensions for an unpredictable condition.

 

 

 One of the TFNS nursee who paid the ultimate price in Salonika

 

 Harriet arrived back in England in October 1916 aboard the hospital ship HS Gloucester Castle. She continued to work - initially returning to  the hospital in Birmingham but eventually requesting a transfer to a hospital in Portsmouth. Her request states that she still has chronic, ongoing symptoms following her bout of malaria including jaundice, extreme fatigue and anaemia. Despite efforts to keep working and doing her duty, Harriet -following five medical board examinations - was discharged as permanently unfit for duty. She had served for 4 years and willingly went overseas to what seems to have been one of the most inhospitable battlefronts.

 

As well as receiving her TFNS medal, Harriet recevied a silver war badge.

The nurses’ Silver War Badge medal was awarded to women who were unable to continue their employment with the military nursing services on account of illness or disability caused by their war service

 After service overseas in a theatre of operations with an Expeditionary Force between the 4th August, 1914, and the 11th November, 1918, both dates inclusive, on account of disablement certified under the authority of the Army Council, to have been caused or aggravated by military service

 

 

438 members of the TFNS qualified for the badge - illustrating how many nurses were disabled or chronically ill following their service.

 

Harriet enrolled in the TFNS 18 months before the start of the Great War. She was in her 30s and immediately volunteered for overseas work. I have seen several references in her records. They describe an efficient, compassionate, capable, energic and zealous young woman, who had a particular interest in training probationers. That such a dynamic woman became severely debilitated and unable to continue her work nursing the sick must have been devastating for her. So many women who did their duty in the War and whose lives were blighted by it are not remembered. As I hold her medal, I feel so priviliged. How did her life continue after the War?  How did the war impact other members of her family?

 

We shall see in my next blog.

 

https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/

 

https://blog.bham.ac.uk/mh/2023/02/24/the-1st-southern-general-hospital-birmingham-and-the-role-of-the-territorial-force-nursing-service-during-ww1/

 

https://greatwarnurses.blogspot.com/2015/ 

 

http://www.fairestforce.co.uk/29.html 

 

https://britisharmynurses.com/wiki/index.php?title=Uniforms_Boer_War_and_WW1

 

https://awayfromthewesternfront.org/research/women-away-western-front/battling-disease-in-salonika/ 

 

https://www.theculturalexperience.com/defining-features-and-hardships-of-the-salonika-campaign.php 

 

https://salonikacampaignsociety.org.uk/category/hospitals/ 

 

Harriet Maud Goulder. From Shop assistant to Nursing Sister: The Story of a decorated Nursing Sister in the Great War Part 1. Early Life

I have recently been gifted several medals and awards relating to British women who served their country in the Great War. I was delighted to discover that one of them was awarded  to a member of  the Territorial Force Nursing Service. This is the rarest of the British medals for service during the Great War, with the relatively small number of 33,944 awards being made to officers, soldiers and nurses of the Territorial Force and Territorial Force Nursing Service who met the fairly stringent criteria. This number includes a total of only 277 to Nursing Sisters and Staff Nurses of the TFNS. What a privilege to be holding the medal once worn by Harriet Maud Goulder. What was her life like before she joined the Force, during her service and after the War? I was able to discover  her story - which included 148 pages of her service records! 

 

Before I explore Harriet's early life, I'm honoured to be able to show you her medal, one that in my view was hard earned, not simply "awarded"!  

 

 

Harriet's medal 

 

 

One of only 277 TFNS medals awarded 

 

 

Early Life 1879-1913

 

Harriet was one of 6 daughters born to Herbert, a bricklayer/builder and Eliza Goulder. She was born in Sheffield on 26th May 1879. Two other sisters, Ada and Alice, also became nurses but were not in the TFNS. Interestingly, Harriet was baptised twice. Once when she was a few weeks old and again in 1898 when she was 18. I have discovered that the adult baptism is known as a "believer's baptism". It is seen as a personal, voluntary declaration of faith: a conscious decision to commit to a Christian life. She was baptised at St Matthew's church by Father G C Ommanney, who was known as the "People Priest" . He lived among the "slums" and  had made the church a focal point for preaching and teaching the gospel in the community. It was clearly an inspiration for Harriet who dedicated a large part of her life in the service of  others.

 

 St Matthew's Church Sheffied

Tragedy was to strike the family of 8 in 1894 when Herbert and Eliza died within a few months of each other.They were in their early 40s. Harriet was just 14 and two of her sisters were under 10. According to the 1901 census she was a shop assistant in a book shop in Sheffield. She is living with her elder sister and her brother in law, along with two other sisters. However some time in the 10 years following the 1901 census Harriet had joined the nursing profession - perhaps inspired by her  baptism in 1898. The 1911 census states she is a "sick nurse".

 

According to the Royal College of Nursing Journal, by 1911 she had trained at Rotherham General Hospital and later worked at the Isolation Hospital at Keighley and had also been a Staff Nurse at a "cancer hospital" in London. 

 The isolation hospital, Keighly 1897

 

A far cry from her shop assistant days in Sheffield! But there was an even bigger challenge for Harriet, on 27th January - 18 months before the outbreak of the Great War - she enrolled in the Territorial Force Nursing Service. A step that would lead her overseas and to  nursing wounded and dying men from the battlefields.

  

 Serving her Country - The Territorial Force Nursing Service 1913-1918

 

This will be the subject of my next blog.

 

WITH GRATEFUL THANKS TO LAURENCE JOHN MANTON FOR HIS GIFT OF HARRIET'S MEDAL. 

 

http://www.scarletfinders.co.uk/92.html 

https://stmatthewscarverstreet.co.uk/history/

Ancestry.co.uk

FindmyPast 

https://www.keighleynews.co.uk/news/9578663.opening-of-isolation-hospital/ 

Exploring Women's Roles in WW1 through medals - Florence Gwen Gray: Worker

I am an amateur historian whose main interest is in researching women's lives and roles in WW1. I am delighted to have been gifted by a fellow historian, Laurence Manton, several medals and badges relating to my speciality. I've been researching for nearly 20 years and have never had one in my possesion! I now have several and cannot wait to research the women's lives. The first woman I am researching was awarded a  medal for her work in the WAACs. 

 

 

 

 

Florence Gwendoline Davies was born on 20th November 1894 in Cardiff to Thomas John and Emily Davies. According to her baptism record, Thomas was a "brakesman" - I believe this to be a job related to the railway. Florence left school at 14 and after leaving, she worked at Spillers and Bakers before leaving to become a waitress at the Grand Hotel in Cardiff. We know this because her records show that she obtained references from these institutions. 

 

Spillers building in Cardiff

 https://glamarchives.wordpress.com/2018/01/26/spillers-and-bakers-ltd-cardiff/

 

Mrs Rosser, who was the manager of the Grand and who wrote her reference was involved in a fire at the hotel in 1908.One night in January 1908 the manager, Mrs Rosser, realised at 3.30am that the hotel’s bar was on fire. Her daughter Lilian, aged 6, (pictured below with her mother) was one of 10 people on the third floor who could not escape as smoke billowed up the staircase. The fire brigade rescued them all through the upper windows. 

 

 

 

Florence married William Gray in 1915. I know that he served overseas as it is noted on her records that he is serving in Egypt. I have been unable to trace his service records. She left her employment at the hotel and joined the Women's Army Auxilliary Corps in October 1917. Her records include her application, medical records, references etc The records, along with 1000s of other women's are available free and online on the National Archives site.

 

https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/womens-army-auxiliary-corps-service-records-1917-1920/

 

 

  

Part of Florence's records 

 

Florence enlisted on 4th October 1917. Although deemed medically fit at this time, she was discharged from the service on 23rd May 1918. Her records show that she was suffering from "general debility". She only weighed 7stone 10lbs on enlisting so seems to have been quite slight. She received her medal a few months later with this message:

 

"The Badge will be worn on the right breast or right lapel of the jacket, but not on naval or military uniform"

 

 

 Florence Gwendoline Gray's medal

 

For lots more information on women's roles and lives in WW1 visit my dedicated FB page. Lots of info and photos!

 

https://www.facebook.com/groups/1468972083412699

 

What happened to Florence after the War? Florence and William had four children. They seem to have moved around England, with various addresses in London and Kent. William, like  his father in law, worked on the railways. His occupation in 1939 was Railway Signal and Telegraph operator. Maybe he learned these skills when serving in Egypt? (The 1939 register shows that he volunteered as a Railway ARP warden. ). Florence died in 1981.

Sadly tragedy had struck her family during WW2. Her daughter, Edna Muriel, married Kenneth Hayman in January 1944. Kenneth was a Flying Officer-Navigator with 78 Sqdn.Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve;Service No:153006. He died on a night raid in France  in June 1944. He was 22. They had been married for just 5 months. 
His brother, aged 29, also fell:Senior Assistant Engineer Officer Harold John Hayman . died on  October 9th 1942 whilst serving in the Merchant Navy~S.S. Oronsay (Glasgow) - The War to End all Wars that Florence and William served in and lived through had been a dream.

 

 

https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/56199760/kenneth_charles_morris-hayman

 

 

Tales from a Churchyard - A Formidable Formby Family!

I am researching the stories of some of the people who are buried in my local churchyard of St Peter's in Formby. I saw the headstone of Robert Band - who had died aged 43 years in 1941.

 

Robert's parents were also buried in the churchyard and so I decided to research the whole family. They proved to be an interesting and intrepid bunch! My first family blog is about his parents. 

 

 

 

Robert's parents were his namesake, Robert (1864-1934) and Euphemia Little nee Lyall (1864-1924). They had grown up together in a village in Scotland but had lived in Formby since their marriage in 1893 in Liverpool. Before she married, Euphemia had been a nurse at the West Derby (Rainhill) "Lunatic" Asylum. She had visited Formby just before her marriage and was so taken with the village that the couple decided to settle there. The 1921 census states that she was a "Nurse Manager" ; I do not know what this entails. Interestingly, her sister is with her but it is noted on her occupation that she is a servant in the house! Her husband was -  as proved to be the case on most of  the census returns - at sea. Indeed when she died in 1924 he could not attend the funeral. 

 

 Rainhill Lunatic Asyum

journals.sagepub.com 

 

Although her obituary said that Euphemia was a fully trained nurse, I have not been able to find her on the Nursing Register for that time. However her obituary says she specialised in her work as a masseuse and was much loved in the local community, often working without payment. 

 

Euphemia's husband Robert was a marine engineer (a profession that two of  his sons entered).He was often at sea and has proved very difficult to trace through census returns as he was clearly absent for most of them. I have found his name on crew lists on several occasions from 1901-1928 including the White and Red Star lines. He sometimes travelled first class and on at least two occasions noted his country of residence to be the USA! A bit of a mystery! 

 

SS Acquitania 

Robert was on the crew list for this in 1928

Postcard from my husband's nan's collection 

 

Robert was at sea when his wife died in August 1924, not returning to the UK until December of that year. He continued his work at sea and died in 1934. He is buried in St Peter's with his wife.

 

FindmyPast

Ancestry.co.uk

Google.co.uk

https://www.countyasylums.co.uk/rainhillprescot/

 

Tales from a Churchyard. Edgar Home - Royal Marine and survivor of a U Boat attack in the Great War

I often research the names on gravestones in my local church - St Peter's, Formby. Many of these seemingly "ordinary" men, women and children have interesting lives and hold a mirror up to the society in which they lived and the history of their times.

 

On a recent visit I spotted the headstone of a small family; Caroline and James Home, a husband and wife and their adult son, Edgar. Edgar was born in 1893 - this piqued my curiosity - I also research men and women who served in WW1 and Edgar would have been a young man, eligible to fight in the War. I wondered if I could discover his story.  On researching the family I found he did indeed serve - for four years - and his story was a remarkable one! He survived an attack on a ship in which he served, spending 8 days at sea in a lifeboat. Dozens of crew members had died and in fact, his records noted that so had he!

 

 

 The family's gravestone at St Peter's

Edgar's parents, Caroline and James, are both buried in St Peter's. They married in January 1892 in St Mary's Church, Kirkdale. Their only child, Edgar, was born in 1893. They may of course have had other children who were born and died between census returns. James was born in 1870 in Bootle and his father William, was a gardener. Caroline ("Carrie") was born in 1863 in Monmouthshire. I don't know why or when she moved to this area; the rest of the  family never left Wales. Sadly, Caroline died in 1907 aged 44. Edgar was 14. His father remarried in 1908 to Elizabeth Copley a spinster who on the 1901 census declared that her occupation was "hospital nurse". This must have been an informal title; she is not on the Nursing Register at that time. I cannot find Elizabeth's death - she may have remarried and therefore had a different surname on her death. 

James worked for for many years for W H Rhodes & Sons as a stevedore in Liverpool. By 1921 he had risen to the position of Quay Foreman.

 Dock Labourers: Illustrated London News 1889

This site has a a really detailed and interesting account of the lives of dockers in Liverpool at the time that James was working there. 

https://www.old-merseytimes.co.uk/docklabourer.html

Edgar was born on 23rd December 1893 in Bootle. The census of 1911 states that he was a cleaner working for the Lancashire  and York Railway. I suspect this would have been the heavy duty work of cleaning the outside of the large locomotives although many women joined the staff of the railway companies during WW1 and doubtless some took on this heavy labouring!

 

 Men from the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway

it is believed to be the early 1900s. 

 

 Photo from this amazingly detailed website "A Pug's Life" https://trainstobeyond.com/5-3/

 

I have been lucky enough to find out a lot about Edgar's experiences during WW1. 

At the turn of the 20th Century, the Admiralty had concerns that the Royal Naval Reserve (RNR) would not be sufficient to bolster the ranks of the Navy in the event of war. Hostilities across Europe were growing and the armed forces were expanding capacity at an increasing speed, and demand for servicemen was outstripping supply.In 1903, the Royal Navy was given permission to raise a second reserve force – the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve – which, unlike the RNR was open to civilians with no prior seafaring experience. 

Edgar enrolled in April 1914 in the  Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve ( RNVR). Six months later he was on active service - and he remained in the Navy throughout the War.

 

Edgar took part in the siege of Antwerp in October 1914. Poignantly, my grandfater- Thomas Cameron, was in the RND and took part in the same (doomed) action. Thomas had been in the Royal Marines for 12 years and rejoined his unit in August 1914. He died of wounds on his 40th birthday leaving a widow and four sons. An early casualty of the War. His story is here:  https://historicalclues.blogspot.com/2015/

 

 

 My grandfather, Thomas Cameron

who took part in the defence of Antrwerp alongside Edgar's unit

 

Edgar returned to the UK after the failure of the Antwerp campaign. Records show he served in several defensivlely armed merchant ships although I do not know in what capacity he served. However, in April 1918 -after nearly four years serving his country - he was to face almost certain death - and survive.

 

Acording to his service record, Edgar embarked on the SS Ausonia in late May. 

 

 

 

SS Ausonia in 1911

commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=147308209 

  

The ship sailed from Liverpool under the command of Captain Robert Capper while carrying 140 crew members and general cargo, when she was hit by a torpedo . The initial explosion killed eight crew members and had damaged the ship, but not enough to sink her. 

 

The survivors were in some distress. Hundreds of miles from land and with few provisions the chance of rescue must have seemed slim. During the passing days two of the lifeboats became separated and were never seen or heard from again. The remaining group were discovered by HMS Zennia on June 8, their ordeal was over when they set foot on her decks. The loss of Ausonia cost the lives of forty-four of her crew, 

Edgar was one of those survivors. However, his service records show that it was believed that he had been killed when the ship sank.

 

It can be clearly seen that Edgar is pronounced "DD" which means discharged dead. I have seen these initials on my grandfather's records which sadly proved to be true. In Edgar's case, his family must have been advised that he was dead. The pronouncement however is crossed through and the words "Saved when the SS Aussonia sank 30 May 1918. One can only imagine the family's joy when they found that he was alive.

The incident was infamous and reports of the sinking and the bravery of the crew and captain featured in many newspapers.

 

 

The Captain of the ship was awarded the DSC for his bravery and for bringing the survivors home in terrible conditions. I wonder if Edgar spoke much of his ordeal? I suspect, as was the way of that war, it was seldom mentioned, although it must have been a terrible ordeal. 

 

Happily Edgar, after being demobilised in !919, married Ida Bell in the same year. Ida was born in yorkshire and  I have found her occupation to have been that of servant.  Edgar was working for the same company as his father and in the same capacity. Very sadly, Edgar died in 1921 aged just 28 and just two years after his ordeal.  I do not know what he died of or if it was war related. I have found records that show his medals were sent to his widow. I have been unable to trace Ida - perhaps she remarried. She was still young, being only 27. However of course, there were many women both single and widowed, who did not marry after the war - so many men had given their lives in the conflict.

 

I am always amazed at the stories that lie, literally (!) buried in English churchyards.  They reflect so wonderfully the social history of country and localities. Whenever I research in the area surrounding and including Liverpool - it does not take me long to find a connection to the sea. It shaped so many lives. It is a privilege to record and remember them.

https://www.maritimequest.com/daily_event_archive/2012/05_may/30_ss_ausonia.htm

ancestry.co.uk 

https://tangledtrees.blogspot.com/2009/08/ss-ausonia-1.html

British National Archives

Find my Past

Wikepedia